Mikrobiol. Z. 2021; 83(2):82-92.
doi: https://doi.org/10.15407/microbiolj83.02.082
Molecular Docking of SARS-CoV-2 Nucleocapsid Protein with Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme II
A.A. Dawood1, M.A.A. Altobje2, Z.T. Al-Rrassam3
1Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine
University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
2Department of Biology, College of Science
University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
3Department of Biophysics, College of Science
University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
SARS-CoV-2 remains life-threatening human pathogen witnessed in the present world. Purpose. The key objective of this research was to incorporate a bioinformatics technique to forecast the molecular docking of the ACE2-associated SARS-CoVs nucleocapsid protein. Methods. Different bioinformatics tools were used in this study in order to compare the chemical structures with their biological behaviour at the levels of atoms and the ligand-binding affinity. This research sought to investigate new data analysis. Results. It was computed the basic 2D structure that occurs in all models, requiring ion ligand binding sites to be predicted. The highlights of the analysis and the associated characteristics are largely responsible for nucleocapsid protein and ACE2 receptor that can be further changed for improved binding and selectivity. Conclusions. The precise functional importance of protein-protein docking cannot be established. But the detection of molecular docking can aid in self-association proteins in our summary, serving as a regulatory switch for the protein’s localization.
Keywords: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE2), nucleocapsid, molecular docking, receptor-binding domain (RBD) protein, RMSD.
Full text (PDF, in English)
- Chen Y, Liu Q, Guo D. Emerging coronaviruses: Genome structure, replication, and pathogenesis. J Med Virol. 2020; 92:418–423. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.25681
- Gralinski LE, Menachery D. Return of the Coronavirus: 2019-nCoV. Viruses. 2020; 12:135. https://doi.org/10.3390/v12020135
- Liu W, Morse S, Lalonde T, Xu S. Learning from the Past: Possible Urgent Prevention and Treatment Options for Severe Acute Respiratory Infections Caused by 2019-nCoV. Chembiochem. 2020; 21:730–738. https://doi.org/10.1002/cbic.202000047
- Dawood A. Mutated COVID-19, May Foretells Mankind in a Great Risk in The Future. N Mic N Inf. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nmni.2020.100673
- McBride R, Zyl M, Fielding C. The coronavirus nucleocapsid is a multifunctional protein. Viruses. 2014; 6:2991–3018. https://doi.org/10.3390/v6082991
- Wurm T, Chen H, Hodgson T, Britton P, Brooks G, Hiscox G.A. Localization to the nucleolus is a common feature of coronavirus nucleoproteins, and the protein may disrupt host cell division. J Virol. 2001; 75:9345–9356. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.75.19.9345-9356.2001
- You J, Dove K, Enjuanes L, DeDiego L, Alvarez E, Howell J, et al. Subcellular localization of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus nucleocapsid protein. J Gen Virol. 2005; 86(12):3303–3310. https://doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.81076-0
- Song W, Gui M, Wang X, Xiang Y. Cryo-EM structure of the SARS coronavirus spike glycoprotein in complex with its host cell receptor ACE2. PLoS Pathog. 2018; 14:e1007236. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1007236
- Lan J, Ge J, Yu J, Shan S, Zhou H, Fan S, et al. Structure of the SARS-CoV-2 spike receptor-binding domain bound to the ACE2 receptor. Nature. 2020; 581:215–220. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2180-5
- He J, Tao H, Yan Y, Huang S-Y, Xiao Y. Molecular Mechanism of Evolution and Human Infection with SARS-CoV-2. Viruses. 202; 12:428. https://doi.org/10.3390/v12040428
- Lu R, Zhao X, Li J, Niu P, Yang B, Wu H, et al. Genomic characterization and epidemiology of 2019 novel coronavirus: implications for virus origins and receptor binding. Lancet. 2020; 395:565–574. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30251-8
- Gui M, Song W, Zhou H, Xu J, Chen S, Xiang Y, et al. Cryo-electron microscopy structures of the SARS-CoV spike glycoprotein reveal a prerequisite conformational state for receptor binding. Cell Res. 2017; 27:119–129. https://doi.org/10.1038/cr.2016.152
- Dawood A. Identification of CTL and B-cell epitopes in the Nucleocapsid Phosphoprotein of COVID-19 using Immunoinformatics. Mic J. 2021; 83(1):1–9. https://doi.org/10.15407/microbiolj83.01.078
- Pierce BG, Wiehe K, Hwang H, Kim B-H, Vreven T, Weng Z. ZDOCK server: interactive docking prediction of protein-protein complexes and symmetric multimers. Bioinformatics. 2014; 30:1771–3. https://doi.org/10.1093/bioinformatics/btu097
- Wan Y, Shang J, Graham R, Baric RS, Li L. Receptor recognition by a novel coronavirus from Wuhan: An analysis based on decade-long structural studies of SARS. J Virol. 2020; 94(7):e00127-20. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.00127-20
- Dawood A, Altobje M. Inhibition of N-linked Glycosylation by Tunicamycin May Contribute to The Treatment of SARS-CoV-2. Microbiol Path. 2020; 149:104586. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104586
- Walls C, Park J, Tortorici A, Wall A, McGuire T, Veesler D. Structure, Function, and Antigenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein. Cell. 2020; 181(2):281–292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2020.02.058
- Dharma K, Sharun K, Tiwari R, Dadar M, Malik S, Singh P, Chaicumpa W. COVID-19, an emerging coronavirus infection: advances and prospects in designing and developing vaccines, immunotherapeutics, and therapeutics. Hum Vaccin Immunother. 2020:1–7. https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2020.1735227
- Chen Y, Guo Y, Pan Y, Zhao ZJ. Structure analysis of the receptor binding of 2019-nCoV. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2020; 17: S0006-291X(20)30339-9.
- Lin L, Shao J, Sun M, Liu J, Xu G, Zhang X, et al. Identification of phosphorylation sites in the nucleocapsid protein (N protein) of SARS-coronavirus. Int J Mass Spect. 2007; 268:296–303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijms.2007.05.009
- Dawood A, Alnori H. Tunicamycin Anticancer Drug May Reliable to Treat Coronavirus Disease-19. OAMJMS. 2020; 8(T1):129–133. https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2020.4954
- Velavan P, Meyer G. The COVID-19 epidemic. Trop Med Int Health. 2020; 25(3):278–280. https://doi.org/10.1111/tmi.13383
- Hasan A, Hossain M, Alam J. A computational assay to design an epitope-based Peptide vaccine against Saint Louis encephalitis virus. Bioinformatics and Biology insights. 2013; 7:BBI-S13402. https://doi.org/10.4137/BBI.S13402
- Thomas J, Maria O, Serrano L, Pujo H, Rangel R. Role of changes in SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in the interaction with the human ACE2 receptor: An in silico analysis. EXCLI J. 2020; 19:410–417.
- Lu G, Wang Q Gao GF. Bat-to-human: spike features determining ‘host jump’ of coronaviruses SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and beyond. Trends Microbiol. 2015; 23:468–78. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tim.2015.06.003
- Luan J, Lu Y, Jin X, Zhang L. Spike protein recognition of mammalian ACE2 predicts the host range and an optimized ACE2 for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Biochem Biophys Res Comm. 2020; 526(1):165–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.03.047
- Ibrahim IM, Abdelmalek DH, Elshahat ME, Elfiky AA. COVID-19 spike-host cell receptor GRP78 binding site prediction. J Infect. 2020; 80(5):554–62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2020.02.026
- Narkhede R, Cheke R, Ambhore J, Shinde S. The Molecular Docking Study of Potential Drug Candidates Showing Anti-COVID-19 Activity by Exploring of Therapeutic Targets of SARS-CoV-2. EJMO. 2020; 4(3):185–195.
- González-Paz1 L, Lossada C, Moncayo L, Romero F, Paz J, Vera-Villalobos J, et al. Molecular Docking and Molecular Dynamic Study of two Viral Proteins associated with SARS-CoV-2 with Ivermectin. Preprints.
- Gomez D, Huber K, Klumpp S. On protein folding in crowded conditions. J Phys Chemis Let. 2019; 10(24):7650–7656. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b02642
- Peele A, Durthi C, Srihansa T, Krupanidhi S, Sai A, Babu D, et al. Molecular docking and dynamic simulations for antiviral compounds against SARS-CoV-2: A computational study. Inform. Med. Unlo. 2020; 19:100345. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.imu.2020.100345
- Cubuk H, and Ozbil M. Comparison of Clinically Approved Molecules on SARS-CoV-2 Drug Target Proteins: A Molecular Docking Study. ChemRxiv. 2020. https://doi.org/10.26434/chemrxiv.12090828.v2
- Yu R, Chen L, Lan R, Shen R, Li P. Computational screening of antagonists against the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) coronavirus by molecular docking. Int J Antmic Ag. 2020; 7:29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2020.106012