Mikrobiol. Z. 2019; 81(1):34-48. Ukrainian.
doi: https://doi.org/10.15407/microbiolj81.01.034
Bioconversion of Mixed Industrial Waste in Biosurfactants of Nocardia vaccinia IMB-7405
Pirog T.P.1,2, Gershtman А.Yu.1, Shevchuk T.A.2
1National University of Food Technologies
68 Volodymyrska Str., Kyiv, 01601, Ukraine
2Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, NAS of Ukraine
154 Akad. Zabolotny Str., Kyiv, 03143, Ukraine
Aim. To determine the conditions of Nocardia vaccinii IMV B-7405 cultivation on mixture of crude glycerol (waste of biodiesel production) and frying sunflower oil, which provide the maximum parameters of surfactants synthesis. Methods. The surfactants concentration was determined by gravimetrically after extraction from the supernatant of the culture liquid with a modified mixture of Folch (chloroform−methanol−water (4:3:2), pH 4.0−4.5 with addition of 1N HCl). The optimal molar ratio of refined sunflower oil and purified glycerol concentrations in mixture was calculated theoretically according to the concept of «auxiliary substrate» of Babel. Results. Based on theoretical calculations of the energy requirements for N. vaccinii IMV B-7405 biomass production and the synthesis of surface-active trehalose mycolates on the energy-deficient substrate (glycerol), it was established that the molar ratio of refined sunflower oil and purified glycerol concentrations in mixture providing maximum surfactant synthesis should be 0.16:1. Experimental studies have shown that highest values of surfactant synthesis were observed when the molar ratios of these substrates concentrations was 0.14:1−0.19:1, which is as close as possible to the theoretically calculated one. The possibility of replacing purified glycerol and refined sunflower oil in mixture with biodiesel production waste and frying oil was established. At a molar ratio of frying oil and crude glycerol concentrations in mixture 0.078:1 (considering 50% of glycerol content in biodiesel production waste) and using inoculum grown on crude glycerol, the amount of synthesized surfactants was 5.1−5.4 g/l , which is 1.6−2.3 times higher in comparison with the cultivation of N. vaccinii IMV B-7405 on corresponding monosubstrates. Conclusions. The obtained results confirm the previous data on the advisability of using mixture of energetically unequal growth substrates to increase the synthesis of secondary metabolites and show that high efficiency of such mixed substrates can be achieved both with the correct choice of substrates and the correct determination of their concentrations molar ratio. The using frying sunflower oil and crude glycerol for production of microbial surfactants will solve several important problems simultaneously: reduce the cost of final product, utilize toxic industrial waste, and increase rentability of biodiesel production.
Keywords: Nocardia vaccinii IMV B-7405, surfactants, mixture of frying sunflower oil and crude glycerol, intensification of biosynthesis.
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