Mikrobiol. Z. 2018; 80(6):41-53.
doi: https://doi.org/10.15407/microbiolj80.06.041

Antifungal Activity of Bacteria of the Genus Bacillus and Streptomyces
Isolated from the Soil of the Republic of Moldova

Shubina V.1, Birsa M.2, Burtseva S.2

1Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection
20 Padurii Str., Chisinau, MD-2002, Republic of Moldova

2Institute of Microbiology and Biotechnology
1 Academiei Str., Chisinau, MD-2028, Republic of Moldova

Aim. The article deals with the results of research, the aim of which was to determine antifungal activity of the strains Bacillus and Streptomyces genera, in relation to phytopathogenic fungi, widely distributed in Moldova. Methods. Strains were grown on classical agar media, the antifungal activity was determined by the method of agar blocks with test cultures – phytopathogenic fungi. Biological standard was the bacterium B. subtilis 26D. In the experiments on the germination of A. alternata conidia, 5 bacterial cultures grown in liquid nutrient medium No. 2. Results. It is established that all bacteria of genus Bacillus exhibit antifungal activity against test cultures, but in varying degrees. The growth of B. cinerea and F. oxysporum was least inhibited. Strain B. subtilis S4 most actively suppressed the growth of S. sclerotiorum. Strain Streptomyces sp. 10 is able to completely suppress the growth of A. alternata and B. cinerea, and the strain S. sp 9 completely suppressed the growth of S. sclerotiorum. Strains 9, 12, and 66 actively inhibited growth of F. culmorum (the radius of the zones was 16.0 − 20.0 mm), and strain S. sp. 185 against F. oxysporum (zones up to 28.0 mm). The strongest inhibitory effect on the germination of A. alternata conidia had strain S2. Conclusions. A comparative assessment of the antifungal activity of B. subtilis revealed a strain with the most pronounced antifungal properties. The investigated liquid cultures of bacteria of the genus Bacillus exhibited a special fungicidal effect on the germination of A. alternata conidia. Among 7 strains of streptomycetes tested, particular interest had S. sp. 10, capable to completely suppressing the growth of A. alternata and B. cinerea, and the strain S. sp. 9 – completely inhibits the growth of S. sclerotiorum, as well as the strain S. sp. 185 actively inhibited the growth of F. oxysporum and the strain S. sp. 10 − A. solani.

Keywords: Bacillus, Streptomyces, germination of conidia, phytopathogens.

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